South American maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus) is omnivorous and feeds on lobeira fruit ( Solanum lycocarpum), which constitutes 30–50% of its diet. Native to Brazil, the plant is found throughout the wolf”s habitat. The wolves are susceptible to cystinutira, a condition where there is inability of the kidneys to absorb amino acid cystine. As a result, the amino acid tends to crystallize in the bladder and kidneys causing blockage, renal failure and death. Also the animals are prone to giant kidney worm ( Dioctophyma renale) infection, which can aggravate the already vulnerable renal system. These worms can infect the kidneys and inhibit renal function. The worm infection compromises the immune response of the wolf to other pathogens and parasites. The animal appears to benefit from the consumption of lobeira by fighting off kidney infection. Rich in phenols, sapinins and tannins, the exact mechanism of protection conferred by loberia is as yet undetermined.

The plant is also benefited as the seeds that have passed through the wolf’s digestive tract are spread over larger distances and have higher germination rates than untouched seeds. This is an example of a symbiotic relationship hinting at complex interactions among organisms in general.