- Solutions for irrigation of body tissues and for dialysis are subject to the same stringent standards as parenteral preparations.
- The difference is in use. Irrigation and dialysis solutions are not injected into the vein but are used outside the circulatory system.
- Since they are used in large volumes, they are packaged in large containers.
- Irrigation solutions are used to wash wounds, surgical incisions, body tissues or body cavities.
- Dialysis solutions are similar to intravenous bags and irrigation solutions and are dispensed in screw-capped containers or bags.
- Dialysis is the separation of substances in solution from one another by taking advantage of their differing diffusibilities through membranes.
- Peritoneal dialysis solutions allow to flow into the peritoneal cavity are used to remove toxic substances normally excreted by the kidney. In cases of poisoning or kidney failure and in patients awaiting renal transplants, dialysis is an emergency lifesaving procedure. Such solutions contain dextrose as a major source of calories, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes with amino acids or peptides as a source of nitrogen.
- The solutions are made to be hypertonic with dextrose to plasma to avoid the absorption of water from the dialysis solution into the circulation.
- The semipermeable peritoneal membrane restricts the movement of formed elements and large molecules but allows the movement of smaller molecules in both directions across the membrane according to the concentration on each side of the membrane, with net movement occurring in the direction of the concentration gradient.
- Intraperitoneal instillation of dialysis solutions containing physiologic concentrations of electrolytes allows for movement of water, toxic substances, and/or metabolites across the membrane in the direction of the concentration gradient, removing these substances from the body following drainage of the solution from the peritoneal cavity.
- Hemodialysis is employed to remove toxins from the blood. In this method, the arterial blood is passed through a polyethylene catheter through an artificial dialyzing membrane bathed in an electrolyte solution. Following the dialysis, the blood is returned to the body circulation through a vein.
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