The formulation of emulsions involves the following:
Learning Objective There are two types of emulsifying agents (Figure 6.4): Figure 6.4 Classification of Emulsifying Agents The emulsifying agents are classified into the following categories:
Learning Objective Choice of Emulsion Type Fats or oils for oral administration are formulated as O/W emulsions. In this form, they are pleasant to take and the inclusion of a suitable flavor in the aqueous phase will mask any unpleasant taste. Emulsions for intravenous administration must also be of O/W type, although intramuscular injections can…
The following are the various routes of administration of emulsions:
Dilution Test or Miscibility Test Dilute the emulsion with water or oil When diluted with water, emulsion is stable When diluted with oil, emulsion is stable When diluted with oil, cracking occurs When diluted with water, cracking occurs 2. Dye Solubility Test or Staining Test An oil-soluble or water-soluble dye is added to the emulsion…
The following are the advantages of using emulsions as dosage forms: The following are the disadvantages of using emulsions as dosage forms: Learning Objective The tests that can be performed to distinguish between O/W and W/O emulsions are given below (Table 6.7): Table 6.7 Tests to distinguish between O/W and W/O Emulsions Sl. No. O/W Emulsion…
Clear dispersions of oil in water or water in oil are called microemulsions. The disperse phase globules are very small, ranging in diameter from 100A° to 600A°. These emulsions appear as transparent solutions and are more acceptable physically as compared to conventional emulsions. Self-emulsifying Systems These are anhydrous products that when added to excess of…
Learning Objective Emulsions are biphasic heterogeneous systems consisting of two immiscible phases, one of which (the dispersed phase) is finely subdivided and uniformly distributed as droplets throughout the other (the dispersion medium). An emulsion is rendered homogeneous by the addition of an emulsifying agent. The emulsifying agent ensures that the droplets (dispersed phase) is finely…
Lacto Calamine (Nicholas Piramal) Caladryl (Pfizer) Calak Lotion (SPPL) Dey’s Milk of Magnesia (Dey’s) Digene Gel (Abbott) Gelupin-MPS (Lupin) GelusiL-MPS (Pfizer) Advent Forte (Dry powder suspension for reconstitution—amoxycillin and clavulanate potassium)
Learning Objective The following are the tests to determine the stability of suspensions: