Learning Objectives Gels are semisolid preparations usually homogeneous and clear, consisting of a liquid phase within a three-dimensional polymeric matrix that is physically or sometimes chemically cross-linked by suitable gelling agents. Gels are applied to the skin or certain mucous membranes for various purposes such as protective, therapeutic or prophylaxis. Alternatively, it is a coherent…
As creams are widely used for various body parts, general tests such as qualitative and quantitative tests should be done.
Learning Objectives Creams are homogeneous, semisolid preparations consisting of opaque emulsion systems. Their consistency and rheological properties depend on the type of emulsion, either w/o or o/w, and on the nature of the solids in the internal phase. Creams are intended for application to the skin or certain mucous membranes for protective, therapeutic or prophylactic…
In a sample of 10 units, each suppository should contain within ±15% of the average amount of active ingredient. However, if up to three individual units deviate by more than ±15% but are within ±25% of the average amount of the active ingredient, a further 20 units drawn from the same original sample as the…
Weigh 20 suppositories individually and calculate the average mass. When the suppositories are weighed singly, the deviation of individual mass from the average mass should not exceed the limits as indicated in Table 7.4. Table 7.4 Deviation of Individual Mass of Suppositories from Average Mass Deviation % Number of Suppositories ±5 Minimum 18 ±10 Maximum 12…
Visual Inspection The suppositories are visually inspected for its physical appearance, size, shape and texture. Individual suppositories should be examined for cracks and pits due to entrapment of air in the molten mass. Disintegration Test The disintegration test can be determined by using the tablet disintegration test apparatus with necessary modification in the test media.…
Learning Objectives Displacement Value The volume of a suppository from a particular mold is uniform but its weight will vary because the densities of medicaments usually differ from the density of the base. Hence, it becomes necessary to calculate the displacement value of the base to be used for the particular medicament. Definition: The number…
Theobroma oil (Cocoa butter): It is obtained from whole and roasted seeds of cocoa bean. It occurs as a yellowish-white solid with chocolate-like odor. It contains a mixture of glyceryl esters of stearic acid and palmitic, oleic, and other unsaturated fatty acids. The advantages of this base are as follows: The following are its disadvantages: Synthetic…
Learning Objectives Suppositories are unit solid preparations, which may contain one or more active medicaments intended for insertion into the body cavities other than mouth. They are normally used for local action or systemic absorption of the active ingredient. They usually melt, soften, or dissolve at body temperature. They may be inserted into rectum, vagina,…