Insufflations are meant for being blown into various body tracts or cavities. They are medicated dusting powders meant for introduction into the body cavities such as nose, throat, ears, and vagina with the help of an apparatus known as ‘insufflator’. It sprays the powder into a stream of finely divided particles all over the site…
These are bulk solid powder or granules, generally containing soap or detergent and a mild abrasive used externally with or without brush in the buccal cavity. Dentifrices reduce plaque formation, strengthen teeth against dental carries, remove stains and food debris, moisturize dry mouth, increase sensitivity, and prevent halitosis.
Capsules are unit solid dosage forms in which the drug is enclosed within a hard or soft soluble container or shell usually made up of gelatin. The medication incorporated may be a powder in case of hard gelatin capsules and a solid/liquid/semisolid mass in soft gelatin capsules. Capsules are usually intended to be administered orally…
Tablets are solid preparations containing a single dose of one or more active ingredients with or without excipients and prepared by compressing uniform volumes of particles. Tablets are intended for oral administration. They are either swallowed, chewed, dissolved, or dispersed in water before administration. Tablets are generally prepared by three methods, namely dry granulation (slugging),…
Cachets offer a means of administering comparatively large amounts of disagreeable powders, but they offer very little protection from light, moisture, or mechanical handling. They are also large to swallow and must be moistened by immersion in water immediately prior to swallowing with water. Cachets vary in size from three-fourth of an inch to one-eighth…
Tablet triturates or molded tablets are small, cylindrical, molded, or compressed tablets containing small amounts of potent drugs, which are produced by tablet compression process. Tablet triturates are completely soluble in water. A mixture of powdered lactose with sucrose is used as the base for molded tablets. Minimum amount of pressure should be applied in preparation…
Granules are solid dosage form of medicament in which the powdered drug or drugs are mixed with sweetening, flavoring, and coloring agents. A granulating agent is added to moisten the powder and mixed thoroughly. The wet mass is passed through a suitable sieve and the granules are dried at a temperature of 60°C. They are…
Powders are preparations consisting of solid, loose, and dry particles of varying degrees of fineness. They are smooth to touch and nonirritating to skin. Powders generally range from 0.1 microns to 10 microns in size and are either swallowed or may be administered with water. They are marketed as single-dose and multidose powders. Each dose…
Dosage forms are classified into four types on the basis of the following aspects: Figure 4.1 shows the classification of dosage forms.
Learning Objectives A drug is defined as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure, or prevention of disease in humans or in animals. Drugs are not administered as such and they are converted into a palatable form, which is called as “dosage form.” Dosage form contains both active and inactive ingredients…