Chylomicrons are processed out by exocytosis from the intestinal mucosal cells into the intestinal lacteals and then to the lymphatic system to the thoracic duct; they then enter into the left subclavian vein, where they enter the blood.

The triacylglycerol and the cholesteryl esters that are resynthesised are very hydrophobic in nature and aggregate in an aqueous environment. Therefore, they need to be packaged as lipid droplets surrounded by a thin layer of proteins, phospholipids, and unesterified cholesterol. These packages stabilise the lipids and increase their solubility. The lipids that are packaged with…

Fatty acids are converted to their active form by fatty acyl-CoA synthase and thiokinase. Fatty acyl-CoA and 2-monoacylglycerol combine in the intestinal mucosal cells and are converted to triacylglycerol with the help of acyl transferases that recognise fatty acyl-CoA of specific chain length.

Free fatty acid, free cholesterol, and 2-monoacylglycerol are the primary products of dietary lipid digestion in the jejunum. Together with bile salts, they form micelles, which are clusters of amphipathic lipids that coalesce with their hydrophobic groups on the inside and their hydrophilic group on the outside of the cluster and are soluble in the…

Pancreatic juice is rich in the proenzymes of phospholipase A2, which is converted to active form with the help of trypsin. Phospholipase A2 converts the fatty acid at carbon 2 of the phospholipids, leaving a lysophospholipid. For example, lecithin is converted to lysolecithin. The remaining fatty acid at carbon 1 is cleaved by lysophospholipase, producing glycerylphosphorylcholine…