Identification

  1. Borntrager’s test: To 0.1 g of calcium sennosides add 5 ml dilute HCl and boil on a water bath for 2 min. Filter, cool and shake the filtrate with 2 ml ether. Separate the organic layer, add a few drops of 10% ammonia and shake vigorously. A rose red colour is seen in the aqueous layer.
  2. Modified Borntrager’s test: To 0.1 g of the drug add 5ml ferric chloride and 5ml dilute hydrochloric acid. Heat for 5 min on a boiling water bath. Cool, shake with ether and add equal volume of ammonia. An intense red colour is formed in the ammoniacal layer confirming the presence of anthraquinone glycoside.
  3. Paper chromatography of the glycosides dissolved in alcohol is developed in the lower aqueous layer of a mixture of water, acetone and benzene (2:1:4), the chamber being equilibrated with the upper phase of the solvent mixture contained in a beaker in the chamber. It is developed by spraying with 0.5% magnesium acetate in methanol followed by heating to 100° for 3 to 5 min. Sennosides are seen as distinct orange spots.

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