Cellulose can be converted into polyanhydroglucuronic acid, an absorbable hemostatic material, by oxidation with nitrogen dioxide. Oxidation is carried out on the fabricated dressing and involves conversion of about 20% of the primary alcohol groups to carboxyls. Sterilization by formaldehyde is used because heat causes serious deterioration.

The material has the appearance of the original dressing, except that it may be less white in color and has a faint odor and acid taste. Its hemostatic activity may be partly due to the chemical reaction between the polyuronic acid and hemoglobin or other blood proteins. However, the fabric also acts as a scaffolding for clot formation and a plug at cut ends of the vessels. It is more effective if used dry.