Learning Objectives The selection of container for a particular aerosol product depends on its ability to adapt to production method, compatibility with the formulation, aesthetic appeal and cost. More importantly, the aerosol container should be able to withstand pressure as high as 140 to 180 psig at 130°F. The aerosol containers are usually made of…
Learning Objective The basic components of an aerosol system are as follows: Characteristics such as particle size distribution, uniformity of dose (for metered valves), delivery rate, spray pattern and velocity, wetness, temperature of spray, fluid viscosity and foam density are determined by the nature of these components. The propellant and the product concentrate will be…
Learning Objective Advantages Disadvantages
Learning Objective Pharmaceutical aerosols are pressurized dosage forms of medicaments in which solid or liquid drugs are dissolved or suspended in a propellant. Upon activating the valve, the contents are released in the form of mist, spray or stream of foam. These products are intended for topical or local application to the nose (nasal aerosols),…
Learning Objective An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. In everyday life, we come across aerosols in the form of clouds and air pollution such as smog and smoke. The history of aerosols dates back to 1870, when pressurized carbonated beverages were introduced in France. Later in 1927, the…
Homeopathy was developed in the eighteenth century by Samuel Hahnemann, a German physician and chemist. He proposed that the cause of a disease can be used for the treatment of that disease. Samuel Hahnemann put forth the law of similars, which says that “like cures like” (similia similibus curentur). Using this principle, he found that cinchona…
Examination of the pulse occupies a very important place in the disease diagnosis in Unani. In addition to the pulse rate, examination of the urine and stool is also important in diagnosing the disease and for further treatment. The pulse is examined to record different features such as size, strength, speed, consistency, fullness, rate, temperature,…
The Unani system is based on two theories, namely the Hippocratic theory of four humors and the Pythagorean theory of four proximate qualities. The four humors are blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, and the four qualities are the states of living human body, namely hot, cold, moist and dry. They are represented as earth, water, fire and…
This system of medicine is believed to have been established by the Greek physician and philosopher Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.). Galen, Aristotle and Dioscorides made valuable contributions for its further development. The next phase of development of the Unani system of medicine took place in Egypt and Persia (Iran). The Egyptians had well-evolved pharmacy and were…
Similar to Ayurveda, Siddha system also follows ashtanga concept with regard to treatment procedures. However, the main emphasis is on Bala vahatam (pediatrics), Nanjunool (toxicology) and Nayana vidhi (ophthalmology). The therapeutics in both Ayurvedic and Siddha systems can be broadly categorized into samana and sodhana therapies. The Ayurvedic system consists of well-known procedures categorized under panchakarma therapy, but this therapy is not that well developed in the Siddha system;…