Estimation Diosgenin content in plant material may be determined by gravimetric, spectrophotometric, GLC, IR, HPTLC and HPLC methods. A. Method I (HPTLC Densitometry) B. Method II (UV Spectrophotometry)
According to species, dioscorea tubers yield 1% to 8% of total saponins. Diosgenin exists in plant tissues in a combined glycosidal form called dioscin which upon hydrolysis yields diosgenin, glucose and rhamnose moieties. Though diosgenin is the principal sapogenin used by industry, most yams contain a mixture of sapogenins in glycosidic form. Diosgenin is commercially…
Source Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin obtained by acid hydrolysis of the saponins obtained from a number of species of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae). This principal sapogenin is widely used as a precursor in the semi-synthesis of several important steroids. Diosgenin was first isolated from Dioscorea tokoro in the 1930s by Japanese workers and it was semi-synthesized to progesterone…
Piperine answers all the tests for alkaloids. Estimation Several methods of estimation of piperine, such as gravimetry, titrimetry, spectrophotometry, HPTLC, HPLC are reported in the literature. While spectrophotometric methods are largely the official methods many newer methods of estimation involving extraction with super fluid carbon dioxide are also being reported. A. Method I (Spectrophotometric assay)…
Piperine can be isolated in good yield from ground black pepper (2% to 5%), which is made up of 5% to 9% alkaloids/amides that also include piperidine, piperettine and piperanine. Pungency of pepper is attributed to piperine and piperanine. Though extracted from pepper, it is manufactured synthetically for commercial uses. A. Method I The common…
Source It is the piperidine alkaloid chiefly responsible for the pungency of the fruits of white and black pepper, Piper officinarum and Piper nigrum, Piperaceae. Isolated by H.C. Oersted in 1819, it is also found in long pepper (Piper longum – 1% to 2%) and West African pepper (Piper guineense). At least 5 alkaloids structurally related to piperine have…
Quinine and its salts may be assayed by innumerable methods ranging from gravimetry, titrimetry, spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, potentiometry to newer methods such as fluoroimmunoassay etc. Estimation of quinine in cinchona bark can also be done by several methods, principal of which are gravimetry, titrimetry and spectrophotometry. A. Method I (Spectrophotometric assay) B. Method II (Non-aqueous titration…
Quinine is a natural white crystalline, odourless alkaloid readily soluble in ether and chloroform. Slightly soluble in water, it is also soluble in alcohol, carbon disulphide and glycerol. Intensely bitter to taste, its molecular formula is C20H24N2O2 and has a melting point of 173–175°C. Being a diacidic base, it forms both acid and neutral salt. While…
Source Quinine is a quinoline alkaloid sourced from Cinchona bark. Cinchona alkaloids were of great economic importance for use in the treatment of malaria. Despite the introduction of synthetic antimalarials, salts of quinine remain commercially important due to problems of resistance associated with newer antimalarials. Isolated by P.J. Pelletier and J. Coventou in 1817, quinine…