Pharmacogenomics studies how genetic variations affect individual responses to drugs. It’s relevant for:
Challenges include:
Stability is assessed through:
Excipients are inactive substances used as carriers for the active ingredients in a drug. They help in:
Emerging trends include:
Clinical trials are conducted in several phases:
Nanopharmaceutics involves using nanotechnology to improve drug delivery and formulation. This includes:
Biopharmaceutics examines the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of drugs and their biological effects. It’s important for:
Regulatory affairs involve ensuring that pharmaceutical products comply with all regulations and guidelines set by health authorities like the FDA, EMA, or WHO. This includes:
Key considerations include: