Depending on the length of carbon chains, fatty acid are categorised into three carbons – short chain with less than six carbons, medium chain with eight to fourteen carbons, and long chain with sixteen to twenty-four carbons.
It starts from the carboxyl carbon which is taken as one. The carbons adjacent to thin (carboxyl C) are 2, 3, 4, and so on, or alternately, α, β, γ, and so on. The terminal carbon containing methyl group is known as ω carbon.
SECTION A
The naming of fatty acid (systemic name) is based on the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. The saturated fatty acids end with a suffix -anoic (e.g. octanoic), while the unsaturated fatty acids end with a suffix -enoic (e.g. octadecaenoic acid). In addition to systemic names, fatty acids have common names which are widely used.
Tetracyclines bind to the 30S subunit of microbial ribosomes. They prevent protein synthesis by blocking the attachment of the charged amino acyl-tRNA to the A site on the ribosome. They prevent the introduction of new amino acids to the nascent peptide chain. Uses Tetracycline has a bacteriostatic activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species. It…
Deficiency in infants and children produces skin lesions like eczema. Diet rich in EFA: Sunflower oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, egg, and lard
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria used against various bacterial infections. The tetracyclines were discovered as natural products by Benjamin Minge Duggar in 1945. Refer Figure 13.4 for the structure of tetracycline. Figure 13.4 Structure of Tetracycline
Essential fatty acids are required for the membrane structure and function, transport of cholesterol, function of lipoproteins, prevention of fatty liver, and so on. They are also needed for the synthesis of another important group of compounds, namely eicosanoids. They are important for the growth of the cells and the reproductive function. They prolong clotting…
Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic drug and it inhibits bacterial growth. It controls the bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis. Chloramphenicol controls the protein chain elongation by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome. It specifically binds to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the peptide–bond formation. Uses Chloramphenicol is…
The molecular formula of chloramphenicol is C11H12Cl2N2O5 (refer Figure 13.3). It is soluble in lipid. It remains unbound to protein. Figure 13.3 Structure of Chloramphenicol