The fatty acids that cannot be synthesised by the body and, therefore, should be supplied in the diet are known as essential fatty acids (EFA). Chemically, they are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), namely linoelic acid (18: 2; 9, 12) and linolenic acid (18: 3; 9, 12, 15). Arachidonic acid (20: 4; 5, 8, 11, 14)…
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial. It is considered as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Chloramphenicol is active against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including anaerobic organisms. Chloramphenicol was derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae, and it was isolated by David Gottlieb.
Cyclic acids are fatty acids having a cyclic ring structure containing five carbon atoms. They are unsaturated. Two cyclic acids, hydnocarpic acid and chaulmoogric acids, are of interest because of their presence in chaulmoogric oil, which is used in the treatment of leprosy. The structure of chaulmoorgic acid is shown below:
Streptomycin is used for treating tuberculosis in combination with other anti-TB drugs. It is also used as a pesticide to combat the growth of bacteria, fungi and algae. It controls bacterial and fungal diseases of certain fruits, vegetables, seeds and ornamental crops.
These are fatty acids which contain double bonds. Iodine values vary according to the degree of unsaturation. They are generally liquid at room temperature; the general formula is CnH2n-1 COOH. Unsaturated fatty acids are further divided according to the degree of unsaturation. Table 4.2 Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Streptomycin is an inhibitor of protein synthesis. It binds to the small 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, and binds to formyl-methionyl-tRNA. This leads to codon misreading and hence ultimately the death of microbial cells. The human ribosomes are different from that of bacterial ribosomes; this makes the antibiotic selective only for…
These are fatty acids which do not contain double bonds. They do not exhibit addition reactions, and their iodine values are nil. Generally, the presence of saturated fatty acid makes the fat solid. They are built up on acetic acid, which is the first member of the series. General formula for saturated fatty acids is…
Streptomycin was first isolated by Albert Schatz. The molecular formula is C21H39N7O12. It consists of three fragments—an N-methyl-L-Glucosamine ring, an L-streptose and a streptidine ring—which are linked together by two glycosidic bonds. It also contains an elaborate network of hydrogen bonds linking selenite and streptomycin oxime ions and water molecules (refer Figure 13.2). Figure 13.2 Structure of…
Streptomycin is the first antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It belongs to aminoglycosides compound. It is a bactericidal antibiotic. Streptomycin cannot be given orally but should be administered by regular intramuscular injections.
Saturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, whereas saturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are equally present in the natural lipids. If fatty acids contain one double bond, they are known as monounsaturated and if they contain…