Sterilization by radiation uses highly penetrable ionizing radiations such as gamma rays and cathode rays. The mechanism of sterilization is by alteration of the chemical components within or supporting the microorganism to form deleterious new chemicals capable of destroying the cell. These radiations also have the capability to destroy or disorient the cell’s vital structure such as the chromosomal nucleus. The applications of radiations for sterilization are limited because of the requirement of highly specialized equipment, precautionary handling measures and also their effects on products and their containers.