When the amino groups of an amino acid combine with carboxyl group of another amino acid, a peptide bond is formed. Peptides containing more than ten amino acids are referred as polypeptides.
The amino acids are held together in protein by a covalent, amide bond or peptide bond. These bonds are rather strong and serve as cementing material between the individual amino acids.
Iontophoresis This is a process or technique involving the transport of ionic or charged molecules into a tissue by the passage of direct or periodic electric current through an electrolyte solution containing the ionic molecules to be delivered using an appropriate electrode polarity. Electroporation This process involves the application of transient high voltage electrical pulse…
The permeation of the drug involves the following steps: The rate of permeation across the skin (dQ/dt) is given by the expression dQ/dt = Ps(Cd – Cr) where Cd = Concentration of the skin penetrant in the donor compartment (on the surface of the stratum corneum) Cr = Concentration of the skin penetrants in the…